Joint TDOA, FDOA and PDOA Localization Approaches and Performance Analysis

Multi-station joint localization has important practical significance. In this paper, phase difference of arrival (PDOA) information is introduced into the time (TDOA) and frequency (FDOA) method to improve target accuracy. First, Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) TDOA, FDOA PDOA approach with multi-station precise synchronization derived. Then, CRLB differential (dPDOA) for case asynchronization between observation stations also presented. Furthermore, authors analyze influence wrapping problem on accuracy propose solutions solve based cost functions grid search. Finally, iterative algorithms maximum likelihood (ML) are proposed both TDOA/FDOA/PDOA TDOA/FDOA/dPDOA scenarios, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate performance approaches.